PASSIVE
VOICE
Passive voice adalah kalimat atau
klausa yang subjeknya menerima efek dari kata kerja, atau perubahan kata kerja
yang digunakan ketika subjek dari kalimat tersebut terkena dampak dari kata
kerja.
Secara
sederhana, kalimat passive voice membuat objek yang sebelumnya berada
dibelakang kalimat dipindahkan kedepan kalimat dan subjectnya dipindahklan
dibelakang kalimat.
Perlu diingat
bahwa dalam perubahan kalimat aktif (active) menjadi kalimat pasif (passive)
hanya dapat terjadi pada kalimat yang mengandung kata kerja transitif (Transitive
Verbs). Transitive verb merupakan kata kerja yang memerlukan direct object
(objek langsung).
Passive voice
memiliki rumus sebagai berikut
Rumus Passive
Voice dalam betuk positive:
|
S + Be + Past
Participle (V3) + (by agent)
|
Rumus Passive
Voice dalam betuk negative:
|
S + Be + Not +
Past Participle (V3) + (by agent)
|
Rumus Passive
Voice dalam betuk interrogative:
|
Be + S + Past
Participle + (By agent) + ?
|
Catatan:
S: subject
Be: auxiliary
verb (is, am, are, was, were, have been, has been, will be, etc)
Past Participle: merupakan
bentuk ke-3 dari verb (kata kerja)
By Agent : pelaku
dari tindakan
Berikut adalah contoh
Passive Voice :
|
No
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive Voice
|
|
Positive
|
I eat mango
(Saya makan mangga)
|
The mango are
eaten by me
(mangga itu
dimakan oleh saya)
|
|
Negative
|
I don’t steal
your bag
(Aku tidak
mencuri tasmu)
|
Your bag is
not stolen by me
(tasmu tidak
dicuri olehku)
|
|
interrogative
|
Will you take
the bill?
(Akankah kamu
mengambil tagihan itu?)
|
Will the bill
be taken by you?
(Akankah
tagihan itu diambil olehmu?)
|
Dalam pembuatan
kalimat passive voice, terdapat beberapa tenses dalam bahasa inggris, penentuan
'to be' pada kalimat passive voice tergantung pada tenses kalimat
aktifnya.
Berikut ini rumus
passive voice pada masing masing tenses :
1.
Simple Present Tense
Rumus:
|
Subject + be
(am, is, are) + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh Passive
Voice dalam Tenses
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
Your
motorcycle is stolen by Arief
(Motormu
dicuri oleh Arief)
|
Your
motorcycle is not stolen by Arief
(Motormu tidak
dicuri oleh Arief)
|
Is your
motorcycle stolen by Arief?
(Apakah
motormu dicuri oleh Arief?)
|
2.
Simple Past Tense
Rumus:
|
Subject + be
(was, were) + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh:
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
Your
motorcycle was stolen by Arief last night
(Motormu
dicuri oleh Arief tadi malam)
|
Your
motorcycle was not stolen by Arief last night
(Motormu tidak
dicuri oleh Arief tadi malam)
|
Was your
motorcycle stolen by Arief last night?
(Apakah
motormu dicuri oleh Arief tadi malam?)
|
3.
Simple Future Tense
Rumus:
|
Subject + will
+ be + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh:
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
Your
motorcycle will be stolen by Arief next week
(Motormu akan
dicuri oleh Arief minggu depan)
|
Will your
motorcycle be stolen by Arief next week?
(Motormu tidak
akan dicuri oleh Arief minggu depan)
|
Your
motorcycle will not be stolen by Arief next week
(Apakah
motormu akan dicuri oleh Arief minggu depan?)
|
4.
Present Continuous Tense
Rumus:
|
Subject + be
(am, is, are) + being + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh:
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
Your
motorcycle is being stolen by Arief this morning
Motormu sedang
dicuri oleh Arief pagi ini
|
Your
motorcycle is not being stolen by Arief this morning
Apakah motormu
sedang dicuri oleh Arief pagi ini?
|
Is your
motorcycle being stolen by Arief this morning?
Apakah motormu
sedang dicuri oleh Arief pagi ini?
|
5.
Past Continuous Tense
Rumus:
|
Subject + be
(was,were) + being + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh:
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
Your
motorcycle was being stolen by Arief last morning
Motormu sedang
dicuri oleh Arief tadi pagi
|
Your
motorcycle was not being stolen by Arief last morning
Motormu sedang
tidak dicuri oleh Arief tadi pagi
|
Was your
motorcycle being stolen by Arief last morning?
Apakah motormu
sedang dicuri oleh Arief tadi pagi?
|
6.
Present Perfect Tense
Rumus:
|
Subject
+ Have/ Has + Been + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh:
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
Your
motorcycle has been stolen by Arief
Motormu sudah
dicuri oleh Arief
|
Your
motorcycle has not been stolen by Arief
Motormu belum
dicuri oleh Arief
|
Has your
motorcycle been stolen by Arief?
Apakah motormu
sudah dicuri oleh Arief?
|
7.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus
|
Subject
+ Had + Been + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh:
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
When you came
back to home, your motorcycle had been stolen by Arief
Ketika kamu
kembali ke rumah, motormu sudah dicuri oleh Arief
|
When you came
back to home, Your motorcycle had not been stolen by Arief
Ketika kamu
kembali ke rumah, motormu belum dicuri oleh Arief
|
Had your
motorcycle been stolen by Arief When you came back to home?
Apakah motormu
sudah dicuri oleh Arief ketika kamu kembali ke rumah?
|
8.
Future Perfect Tense
Rumus:
|
Subject + will
+ have + been + past participle + (by agent)
|
Contoh:
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Interrogative
|
|
Your
motorcycle will have been taken by Arief next week
Motormu sudah
akan diambil oleh Arief minggu depan
|
Will your
motorcycle have been taken by Arief next week?
Motormu belum
akan diambil oleh Arief minggu depan
|
Your
motorcycle will not have been taken by Arief next week
Apakah motormu
sudah akan diambil oleh Arief minggu depan?
|
Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice